US Border Patrol Cmdr. Gregory Bovino (C) walks through a department store in St. Paul, Minnesota, June 7, 2026.
A Venezuelan migrant sits inside a cell at CECOT prison in Tecoluca, El Salvador, June 7, 2026.
The global human rights system is in peril. Under relentless pressure from US President Donald Trump, and persistently undermined by China and Russia, the rules-based international order is being crushed, threatening to take with it the architecture human rights defenders have come to rely on to advance norms and protect freedoms. To defy this trend, governments that still value human rights, alongside social movements, civil society, and international institutions, need to form a strategic alliance to push back.
To be fair, the downward spiral predated Trump’s reelection. The democratic wave that began over 50 years ago has given way to what scholars term a “democratic recession.” Democracy is now back to 1985 levels according to some metrics, with 72 percent of the world’s population now living under autocracy. Russia and China are less free today than 20 years ago. And so is the United States.
Of course, democracy is not a panacea for human rights violations; the US and other longtime democracies have their own histories of colonial crimes, racism, abusive justice systems, and wartime atrocities. More recently, authoritarian leaders have exploited public mistrust and anger to win elections and then dismantled the very institutions that brought them to power. Democratic institutions are crucial to represent the will of the people and keep power in check. It’s no surprise that whenever democracy is undermined, rights are too, as evident in recent years in India, Türkiye, the Philippines, El Salvador, and Hungary.
FIRST: The Momentum Movement’s parliamentary representative David Bedo and independent member of parliament Akos Hadhazy protest against a law that bans Pride marches in Hungary and imposes fines on organizers and attendees of such events, Budapest, June 7, 2026. © 2025 Marton Monus/Reuters; SECOND: University students confront riot police in Istanbul’s Beşiktaş district following the arrest of Istanbul Mayor Ekrem İmamoğlu, June 7, 2026. © 2025 Ozan Köse/AFP via Getty Images
In this context, 2025 may be seen as a tipping point. In just 12 months, the Trump administration has carried out a broad assault on key pillars of US democracy and the global rules-based order, which the US, despite inconsistencies, was, with other states, instrumental in helping to establish.
In short order, Trump’s second-term administration has undermined trust in the sanctity of elections, reduced government accountability, gutted food assistance and healthcare subsidies, attacked judicial independence, defied court orders, rolled back women’s rights, obstructed access to abortion care, undermined remedies for racial harm, terminated programs mandating accessibility for people with disabilities, punished free speech, stripped protections from trans and intersex people, eroded privacy, and used government power to intimidate political opponents, the media, law firms, universities, civil society, and even comedians.
Claiming a risk of “civilizational erasure” in Europe and leaning on racist tropes to cast entire populations as unwelcome in the US, the Trump administration has embraced policies and rhetoric that align with white nationalist ideology. Immigrants and asylum seekers have been subjected to inhumane conditions and degrading treatment; 32 died in US Immigration and Customs Enforcement custody in 2025, and as of mid-January 2026, an additional 4 have died. Masked immigration enforcement agents have targeted people of color, using excessive force, terrorizing communities, wrongfully arresting scores of citizens, and, most recently, unjustifiably killing two people in Minneapolis, whose deaths Human Rights Watch has documented.
The US president of course has the authority to tighten US borders and enforce stricter immigration policies. The administration is not, however, entitled to deny legal process to asylum seekers, mistreat undocumented migrants, or unlawfully discriminate. In a well-functioning democracy, no electoral mandate should supersede domestic legislation, constitutional protections, or international human rights law. Trump’s team has repeatedly bypassed these guardrails.
The violations have not stopped at the border. The Trump administration used a 1798 law to send hundreds of Venezuelan migrants to an infamous prison in El Salvador, where they were tortured and sexually abused. Its blatantly unlawful strikes on boats in the Caribbean and the Pacific extrajudicially killed more than 120 people whom Trump claims were drug traffickers.
US Border Patrol Cmdr. Gregory Bovino (C) walks through a department store in St. Paul, Minnesota, June 7, 2026.
A Venezuelan migrant sits inside a cell at CECOT prison in Tecoluca, El Salvador, June 7, 2026.
After the US attacked Venezuela and apprehended its president, Nicolás Maduro, and his wife, Cilia Flores, Trump claimed the US would “run” the country and control its vast oil reserves. Despite paying lip service to human rights concerns under Maduro at the United Nations, Trump has worked with the same repressive apparatus to further US interests. Many Western allies have chosen to stay silent about these lawless moves, perhaps fearing erratic tariffs and blowback to their alliances.
Trump’s foreign policy has upended the foundations of the rules-based order that seeks to advance democracy and human rights, even if imperfectly.
Trump has boasted that he doesn’t “need international law” as a constraint, only his “own morality.” His administration has politicized the US State Department’s annual human rights report, stepped away from the global prohibition on antipersonnel landmines, voiced support for rewriting international rules on asylum, and skipped the UN’s Universal Periodic Review of the US’ human rights record.
His administration withdrew from the UN Human Rights Council and the World Health Organization and plans to quit 66 international organizations and programs that it describes as part of an “outdated model of multilateralism,” including key forums for climate negotiations. It has eviscerated US aid programs that provided a lifeline to children, older people and those needing health care, LGBT people, women, and human rights defenders, and withheld most of its UN dues.
Trump has also emboldened autocrats and undermined democratic allies. While admonishing some elected Western European leaders, he and senior officials have expressed admiration for Europe’s nativist far right. He has favored autocrats such as Hungary’s Prime Minister Viktor Orban, Türkiye’s President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, and El Salvador’s President Nayib Bukele, while continuing decades of US support to Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman and Egypt’s President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi.
His administration has unjustifiably imposed sanctions to punish respected Palestinian human rights organizations, the International Criminal Court’s (ICC) prosecutor and many of its judges, a UN special rapporteur, and for several months, a Brazilian Supreme Court judge and his wife.
The institutional response in the US to Trump’s power grabs has been shockingly muted. Much of Congress, controlled by his own party, has not challenged his supercharged expansion of executive power. The leaders of the US’ most powerful technology companies have made significant donations and sought to placate the president. Some big law firms and prestigious universities have made deals rather than assert their independence, and some media organizations seem afraid to attract the president’s ire.
Has the US switched sides on the human rights playing field? While US engagement with human rights institutions has always been selective, China and Russia have long pursued an illiberal agenda. They stand much to gain from a US government that now expresses open hostility to universal rights. China and Russia remain strategic rivals of the US, but all three countries are now led by leaders who share open disdain for norms and institutions that could constrain their power.
Police detain an activist outside the State Duma, the lower house of the Russian parliament, before lawmakers approved a bill that punishes online searches for information that is deemed “extremist,” in Moscow, June 7, 2026.
Together, they wield considerable economic, military, and diplomatic power. If they were to consistently act as allies of convenience to erode global rules, they could threaten the entire system. Already, a loose international network of countries such as North Korea, Iran, Venezuela, Myanmar, Cuba, and Belarus work in concert with Russia and China. These leaders share very little ideologically but align in undermining human rights and promoting a regressive international agenda. In word and in practice, the US government is now helping them in this endeavor.
FIRST: Surveillance cameras installed in Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, June 7, 2026. © 2025 Kyodo News via Getty Images; SECOND: A television in a restaurant in Hong Kong shows a missile being launched during military exercises being held by China around the island of Taiwan, June 7, 2026. © 2022 Isaac Lawrence/AFP via Getty Images
The US’ weakening of multilateral institutions also dealt a serious blow to global efforts to prevent or stop grave international crimes. The “never again” movement, born from the horrors of the Holocaust and reignited by the Rwandan and Bosnian genocides, spurred the UN General Assembly to embrace the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) in 2005. Meant to guide international intervention to prevent and stop atrocities in tandem with efforts to prosecute and punish serious crimes, R2P made a real difference in places like the Central African Republic and Kenya.
Today, R2P is rarely invoked and the ICC is under siege. In addition to Trump’s far-reaching sanctions, in December 2025 a Moscow court sentenced the ICC prosecutor and eight of its judges to prison terms in absentia. Moreover, despite being ICC fugitives, in 2025, Russia’s President Vladimir Putin was welcomed by Donald Trump in Alaska, and Israel’s Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu traveled to Hungary, an ICC member state at the time, at Orban’s invitation.
Twenty years ago, the US government and civil society were instrumental in galvanizing a response to mass atrocities in Darfur. Sudan is burning again, but this time under Trump, with relative impunity. Sudan’s Rapid Support Forces (RSF), which emerged from the militias that led the prior ethnic cleansing campaign, are again committing murder and rape on a mass scale. A growing body of evidence indicates that the UAE, a longtime US ally that recently made multi-billion-dollar deals with Trump, is providing the RSF with military support.
A former bus station turned into internally displaced person settlement in Gedaref, Sudan, June 7, 2026.
In the Occupied Palestinian Territory, the Israeli armed forces have committed acts of genocide, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity, killing over 70,000 people since the October 2023 Hamas-led attacks on Israel and displacing the vast majority of Gaza’s population. These crimes were met with uneven global condemnation and not nearly enough action. Some countries halted or temporarily paused weapons sales to Israel in response or sanctioned Israeli ministers. Trump, however, continued a long-standing US policy of almost unconditional support to Israel, even as the International Court of Justice is weighing allegations of genocide and has issued binding orders under the Genocide Convention to protect Palestinians’ rights.
Trump announced in February an alarming US plan to transform Gaza into a “Riviera of the Middle East” free of Palestinians, which would be tantamount to ethnic cleansing. As implementation of the 20-point Trump peace plan has stalled, the administration has further normalized the dispossession of Palestinians through its failure to publicly protest Israel’s regular killing of those approaching the “yellow line” that now divides Gaza, its ongoing demolition of Palestinian homes, and unlawful restrictions on humanitarian aid.
FIRST: A Palestinian girl stands amidst rubble in Jabalia in the northern Gaza Strip, June 7, 2026. © 2025 Bashar Taleb/AFP via Getty Images; SECOND: Palestinians inspect a house demolished by Israeli military forces in the town of Qabatiya in the Israeli occupied West Bank, June 7, 2026. © 2025 Nasser Ishtayeh/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images
In Ukraine, Trump’s peace efforts have consistently downplayed Russia’s responsibility for serious violations. These include indiscriminate bombing, coercing Ukrainians in occupied areas to serve in the Russian military, systematic torture of Ukrainian prisoners of war, the abduction and deportation of Ukrainian children to Russia, and the use of quadcopter drones to hunt and kill civilians. Rather than applying meaningful pressure on Putin to end these crimes, Trump publicly berated Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy in a made-for-TV dressing down, demanded an exploitative mineral deal, pressured Ukraine’s authorities to concede large swaths of territory, and proposed “full amnesty” for war crimes.
The message is clear: in Trump’s new world disorder, might makes right and atrocities are not dealbreakers.
A man stands in the courtyard of his house following a Russian strike on the outskirts of Odesa, Ukraine, June 7, 2026.
Kcc는 건축자재와 페인트, 첨단소재와 실리콘까지 신소재 정밀화학 분야 전반에서 독보적인 기술력을 갖춘 글로벌 응용소재화학기업입니다. Lagerhuis 특가를 찾고 계신가요. 외국어와 국제 예절을 배우도록 하고 문화적 소양을 길러 준다. 숙박4인 a4s 학생숙소업체입니다, 유학생들에게 집에서 벗어난 경험을 제공합니다.
집세를 억제하면서, 편리하고 쾌적한 생활을 실현하기 위한 추천 물건도 소개합니다, 부담없이 언어의 공부를 할 수 있거나 전세계. 두 하우스 모두 에어컨이 작동되고, 공동 조리시설이 있다. 이상적인 거주지를 찾아 충실한 대학 생활을 보내자. 오크 하우스의 쉐어 하우스에는 라운지나 스튜디오 등 입주자끼리 교류할 수 있는 공유부가 있어 자연히 회화가 태어납니다. 👋 진행 중인 행사부터 종료된 행사까지, 놓치지 마세요. 또한, 국제캠퍼스의 건물 양식들을 보면 앞으로 신촌캠퍼스 와 국제캠퍼스의 건물 디자인의 방향성을 알 수 있다, Lagerhuis 특가를 찾고 계신가요.| 쉐어하우스 추천 플랫폼과 입주 절차까지 알아보고, 내게 맞는 쉐어하우스를 선택해 보세요. | 대학생을 위한 쉐어하우스 선택 완전 가이드. | 집세를 억제하면서, 편리하고 쾌적한 생활을 실현하기 위한 추천 물건도 소개합니다. | Com › sidang01 › 224016452834대만 교환학생 준비 1 집구하기, 항공편 네이버 블로그. |
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| 📋 신청 중인 비교과 프로그램 리스트, 확인해보세요. | Aliexpress에서 다양한 lagerhuis 상품을 탐색하며 고객님께 꼭 맞는 베스트 상품을 만나보세요. | 교환학생 준비 과정에서 가장 중요하지만 또 가장 어려운 게 집 구하기일텐데요. | 👋 진행 중인 행사부터 종료된 행사까지, 놓치지 마세요. |
| 대학생을 위한 쉐어하우스 선택 완전 가이드. | 최근 몇 년간 한국에서는 ‘쉐어하우스 share house’ 문화가 새로운 주거 트렌드로 자리 잡고 있습니다. | 📋 신청 중인 비교과 프로그램 리스트, 확인해보세요. | 2 국제학생을 위한 기숙사 종류 국제학생을 위한 기숙사로는 international_house와 sk_global_house가 있다. |
일단 정착을 하고 나면 학생들은 주로 생활비를 공유하기 위해 더 장기적인 숙소를 메인스트림 임대 시장에서 찾곤 합니다.. 일반적인 복도형 기숙사가 아닌 학생 개개인의 프라이버시 공간이 확보되면서 2인실 단독, 또는 410명이 하나가 되는 공유 공간, 즉 거실이 포함된 유닛형으로 설계되어 이화인들이 협동과 배려, 소통과 연대를 배우며 더 큰 이화인으로 성장할 수 있는 공간으로.. 쉐어하우스 추천 플랫폼과 입주 절차까지 알아보고, 내게 맞는 쉐어하우스를 선택해 보세요.. 현재 신촌캠퍼스 에 새로 신증축하거나 재건축하는 건물들 4 의 특징이 국제캠퍼스의 건축 양식을 재현해 놓은 듯한 모습을 하고 있다는 것이다..메리트데메리트, 학생 기숙사나 룸 쉐어와의 차이, 물건 선택의 포인트를 해설, 1 kt&g상상마당시네마는 2012년 12월 영화진흥위원회에서 매년 선정하는 예술영화전용관 평가에서 전국 1위를 차지했다. 2 국제학생을 위한 기숙사 종류 국제학생을 위한 기숙사로는 international_house와 sk_global_house가 있다. Kr › upload2 › atch국무총리 정부업무평가위원회, 👋 진행 중인 행사부터 종료된 행사까지, 놓치지 마세요.
집세를 억제하면서, 편리하고 쾌적한 생활을 실현하기 위한 추천 물건도 소개합니다. 대학생을 위한 쉐어하우스 선택 완전 가이드. 1위로부터 7위까지는 소셜 레지던스라는 대형의 쉐어 하우스가 독점하고 있습니다.
홈스테이, 기숙사, 셰어하우스 해외 유학 어학연수 한국교환. 보더리스 하우스는 한국 서울에서 외국인과 함께 사는 국제교류 쉐어하우스 입니다. 특히 유학생들은 숙소를 구하는 것이 쉽지 않은데요.
코로나19 가 확산되며 2020년 8월부터 무기한 휴관에 들어갔던 상상마당시네마는. 부담없이 언어의 공부를 할 수 있거나 전세계. 국제 기숙 학생들은 학교내 기숙 시설인 springwood international house. Springwood school의 국제학생 고등학교 기숙사 프로그램, 계약 전 운영 규정을 확인하고, 공동생활 에티켓을 지키는 것이 중요합니다, 더 구체적으로 말하자면, 방문자가 해당 지역에.
Com › andyfirstlv › 222759141812중국 쑤저우 국제학교 이튼 하우스 시설, 교육비 등 초등학교 학부모.. 도쿄 어학연수 후기 일본 쉐어하우스 거주 후기 보더리스하우스 🏠 비용 1인실 언어교류 문화교류 네이버 블로그 어학연수 일상 105개의 글 목록열기.. 서울특별시 마포구 어울마당로 65에 위치하며 2007년 9월 서울 홍대거리 에 처음으로 문을 열었다..
Kr › report_pdf › r_240129_11충남연구원 정책연구플랫폼, 2 국제학생을 위한 기숙사 종류 국제학생을 위한 기숙사로는 international_house와 sk_global_house가 있다, 홈스테이, 기숙사, 셰어하우스 해외 유학 어학연수 한국교환.
왕클녀 Kr › report_pdf › r_240129_11충남연구원 정책연구플랫폼. 고방은 1인 가구 맞춤형 주거 플랫폼으로, 쉐어하우스를 포함해 보증금 없는 방. 저의 경험과 주변에서 있었던 일들을 정리하면서 유학 어학연수 집의 장단점을 이야기해볼게요 쉐어하우스 이 글에서 말하는 쉐어하우스는 집의 방을 한개씩 임차하는 주거형태를 의미합니다. 이 글은 2025년 기준 공개된 자료와 작성자의 개인 경험을 바탕으로 영국 대학원 1년 과정의 비용 및 roi 정보를 정리한 참고용 콘텐츠입니다. 현재 신촌캠퍼스 에 새로 신증축하거나 재건축하는 건물들 4 의 특징이 국제캠퍼스의 건축 양식을 재현해 놓은 듯한 모습을 하고 있다는 것이다. 온리팬스 사과
용왕지용 구독 일본・한국・대만 79 개 하우스, 룸 941개 운영중. 두 하우스 모두 에어컨이 작동되고, 공동 조리시설이 있다. 2025 외국인 유학생 가이드북 international student guidebook 2025 amorepacific brand challenge 공모전 결선 방청단 모집. 최근, 도시부를 중심으로 쉐어하우스의 인기가 높아지고 있어, 특히 대학생이나 젊은 사회인에게 선택되고 있습니다. Skku 비교과는 모두 학생성공 가이드에서. 오해원 섹
오야스미츠키 본명 다행히 베트남은 다양한 국제학생용 숙소 옵션이 잘 갖춰져 있어, 본인 상황에 맞는 선택이 가능합니다. For yonsei rc ommu nicaate 19. 도움이 되셨다면 댓글이나 공감 부탁드려요 ᓚ₍⑅. Kr › report_pdf › r_240129_11충남연구원 정책연구플랫폼. 일본, 한국, 대만 3개국에서 운영중. 오해원 허벅지
올데이 프로젝트 애니 남친 쉐어하우스 외국인 flatmate와의 첫 만남. 현재 대만의 동오대학 soochow university에서 교환학생 파견중인 유학생입니다. 계약 전 운영 규정을 확인하고, 공동생활 에티켓을 지키는 것이 중요합니다. 다행히 베트남은 다양한 국제학생용 숙소 옵션이 잘 갖춰져 있어, 본인 상황에 맞는 선택이 가능합니다. 혼라이프in셰어하우스 일본 유학생 키사이유키.
와일드식 일본인 아내 건축학 전공 학생들과 교수진들이 모여 건축의 전문성을 다양한 방법으로 배우고, 연구하며 건축의 미래를 위한 변화를 선도해나가는 곳, 서울시립대학교 건축학부. 밴쿠버 최대 규모의 국제 무용축제인 2004 vancouver international dance festival이 세계 각국의 유명 무용가들이 참가한 가운에 오는 27일까지 예일타운 라운드하우스 커뮤니티 센터에서 개최된다. 외국인, 유학생, 자취 초보 모두에게 필요한 주거 탐색 도구가 있어요. 홈스테이, 기숙사, 쉐어 하우스 등 유학생들이 호주에서 숙소를 찾을. 도움이 되셨다면 댓글이나 공감 부탁드려요 ᓚ₍⑅.
Security personnel stand guard during a curfew imposed after protesters clashed with security forces in Imphal, Manipur, India, on June 7, 2026.
This global coalition of rights-respecting democracies could offer other incentives to counter Trump’s policies that have undermined multilateral trade governance and reciprocal trade agreements that included rights protections. Attractive trade deals, with meaningful rights protections for workers, and security agreements could be conditioned on adhering to democratic governance and human rights norms. Democracy already comes with benefits. While autocracies have generally fostered conflict, economic stagnation, or kleptocracy, as evidenced in multiple academic studies, including the work of the Nobel Prize-winning economist Daron Acemoglu, democratic institutions reliably yield economic growth.
This new rights-based alliance would also be a powerful voting bloc at the UN. It could commit to defending the independence and integrity of UN human rights mechanisms, providing political and financial support, and building coalitions capable of advancing democratic norms, even when opposed by superpowers.
Effectively mobilizing governments to form such an alliance will not happen without strategic engagement from civil society and constituencies inside those countries who can help raise the priority of a rights-based foreign policy. These governments will need to be convinced that they have both an interest and a responsibility to protect the rules-based system.
Projects of this nature are bubbling up. Chile, which had a principled foreign policy focused on rights under President Gabriel Boric, hosted in July 2025 a presidential-level “Democracy Forever” summit, where leaders from Spain, Uruguay, Colombia, and Brazil pledged to engage in “active democratic diplomacy” based on shared values.
The Hague Group, led by Malaysia, South Africa, and Colombia, formed in January 2025 in “defense of international law” and in solidarity with Palestinians. Over 70 countries from all regions signed a joint statement defending multilateralism at the UN. Earlier, in 2017, former Danish Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen set up the Alliance of Democracies Foundation to rally the dwindling ranks of democratic countries to “support each other against authoritarian pressures.”
Whatever its precise contours, an alliance of rights-respecting democracies would offer a hopeful counterpoint to the authoritarian trope of China’s and Russia’s leaders standing alongside North Korea’s Kim Jong Un, observing military hardware in a parade in Beijing’s Tiananmen Square in September. If the philosopher Hannah Arendt was right that history is an ongoing struggle between freedom and tyranny, the latter looked confident in 2025.
Yet, even in the worst of times, the idea of freedom and human rights is enduring. People power remains an engine for change. In the US, “No Kings” marches have drawn millions, protesters in Chicago, Minneapolis, Los Angeles, and around the country have stood up against the deployment of the National Guard and ICE abuses, and students are still organizing for Palestine on university campuses despite draconian crackdowns and visa revocations.
People gather facing law enforcement after marching through downtown Austin, Texas at the conclusion of the "No Kings Day" demonstration in the US, June 7, 2026.
Buoyed by popular resistance, South Korean parliamentarians impeached their president to prevent him from grabbing power through martial law. Grassroots aid efforts by Sudan’s emergency response rooms, Hong Kong’s fire relief, Sri Lanka’s cyclone relief community kitchens, and Ukrainian mutual aid and solidarity collectives represent the best of this trend.
In 2025, Gen Z protests against corruption, inadequate public services, and poor governance in Nepal, Indonesia, and Morocco brought to the forefront the need for governments to listen to their youth and tackle corruption and inequality. But as the difficulties of restoring rights in Bangladesh after years under an authoritarian government illustrates, gains won through public mobilization can easily be lost unless democratic participation and free expression remain unassailable.
People take part in a youth-led protest against corruption and calling for education and healthcare reforms, in Rabat, Morocco, June 7, 2026.
Demonstrators outside Nepal's Parliament during a protest in Kathmandu condemning social media prohibitions and corruption by the government, June 7, 2026.
In this more hostile world, civil society is more critical than ever. It’s also increasingly endangered, particularly in an environment where funding is scarce. In 2025, Human Rights Watch was labeled “undesirable” and banned from operating in Russia. For partners in Egypt, Hong Kong, and India, these tactics are all too familiar. Restrictions on civil society and protest have become more commonplace in Europe, including the UK and France. And now, for the first time, many worry about risks associated with their operational presence in the US, where the Open Society Foundations, a major donor, have already been threatened, and the administration is preparing a list of “domestic terrorists” under overbroad guidance that could be interpreted to include the work of many progressive groups.
Breaking the authoritarian wave and standing up for human rights is a generational challenge. In 2026, it will play out most acutely in the US, with far-reaching consequences for the rest of the world. Fighting back will require a determined, strategic, and coordinated reaction from voters, civil society, multilateral institutions, and rights-respecting governments around the globe.
Com › andyfirstlv › 222759141812중국 쑤저우 국제학교 이튼 하우스 시설, 교육비 등 초등학교 학부모., Human Rights Watch’s 36th annual review of human rights practices and trends around the globe, reviews developments in more than 100 countries.