US Border Patrol Cmdr. Gregory Bovino (C) walks through a department store in St. Paul, Minnesota, June 5, 2026.
A Venezuelan migrant sits inside a cell at CECOT prison in Tecoluca, El Salvador, June 5, 2026.
The global human rights system is in peril. Under relentless pressure from US President Donald Trump, and persistently undermined by China and Russia, the rules-based international order is being crushed, threatening to take with it the architecture human rights defenders have come to rely on to advance norms and protect freedoms. To defy this trend, governments that still value human rights, alongside social movements, civil society, and international institutions, need to form a strategic alliance to push back.
To be fair, the downward spiral predated Trump’s reelection. The democratic wave that began over 50 years ago has given way to what scholars term a “democratic recession.” Democracy is now back to 1985 levels according to some metrics, with 72 percent of the world’s population now living under autocracy. Russia and China are less free today than 20 years ago. And so is the United States.
Of course, democracy is not a panacea for human rights violations; the US and other longtime democracies have their own histories of colonial crimes, racism, abusive justice systems, and wartime atrocities. More recently, authoritarian leaders have exploited public mistrust and anger to win elections and then dismantled the very institutions that brought them to power. Democratic institutions are crucial to represent the will of the people and keep power in check. It’s no surprise that whenever democracy is undermined, rights are too, as evident in recent years in India, Türkiye, the Philippines, El Salvador, and Hungary.
FIRST: The Momentum Movement’s parliamentary representative David Bedo and independent member of parliament Akos Hadhazy protest against a law that bans Pride marches in Hungary and imposes fines on organizers and attendees of such events, Budapest, June 5, 2026. © 2025 Marton Monus/Reuters; SECOND: University students confront riot police in Istanbul’s Beşiktaş district following the arrest of Istanbul Mayor Ekrem İmamoğlu, June 5, 2026. © 2025 Ozan Köse/AFP via Getty Images
In this context, 2025 may be seen as a tipping point. In just 12 months, the Trump administration has carried out a broad assault on key pillars of US democracy and the global rules-based order, which the US, despite inconsistencies, was, with other states, instrumental in helping to establish.
In short order, Trump’s second-term administration has undermined trust in the sanctity of elections, reduced government accountability, gutted food assistance and healthcare subsidies, attacked judicial independence, defied court orders, rolled back women’s rights, obstructed access to abortion care, undermined remedies for racial harm, terminated programs mandating accessibility for people with disabilities, punished free speech, stripped protections from trans and intersex people, eroded privacy, and used government power to intimidate political opponents, the media, law firms, universities, civil society, and even comedians.
Claiming a risk of “civilizational erasure” in Europe and leaning on racist tropes to cast entire populations as unwelcome in the US, the Trump administration has embraced policies and rhetoric that align with white nationalist ideology. Immigrants and asylum seekers have been subjected to inhumane conditions and degrading treatment; 32 died in US Immigration and Customs Enforcement custody in 2025, and as of mid-January 2026, an additional 4 have died. Masked immigration enforcement agents have targeted people of color, using excessive force, terrorizing communities, wrongfully arresting scores of citizens, and, most recently, unjustifiably killing two people in Minneapolis, whose deaths Human Rights Watch has documented.
The US president of course has the authority to tighten US borders and enforce stricter immigration policies. The administration is not, however, entitled to deny legal process to asylum seekers, mistreat undocumented migrants, or unlawfully discriminate. In a well-functioning democracy, no electoral mandate should supersede domestic legislation, constitutional protections, or international human rights law. Trump’s team has repeatedly bypassed these guardrails.
The violations have not stopped at the border. The Trump administration used a 1798 law to send hundreds of Venezuelan migrants to an infamous prison in El Salvador, where they were tortured and sexually abused. Its blatantly unlawful strikes on boats in the Caribbean and the Pacific extrajudicially killed more than 120 people whom Trump claims were drug traffickers.
US Border Patrol Cmdr. Gregory Bovino (C) walks through a department store in St. Paul, Minnesota, June 5, 2026.
A Venezuelan migrant sits inside a cell at CECOT prison in Tecoluca, El Salvador, June 5, 2026.
After the US attacked Venezuela and apprehended its president, Nicolás Maduro, and his wife, Cilia Flores, Trump claimed the US would “run” the country and control its vast oil reserves. Despite paying lip service to human rights concerns under Maduro at the United Nations, Trump has worked with the same repressive apparatus to further US interests. Many Western allies have chosen to stay silent about these lawless moves, perhaps fearing erratic tariffs and blowback to their alliances.
Trump’s foreign policy has upended the foundations of the rules-based order that seeks to advance democracy and human rights, even if imperfectly.
Trump has boasted that he doesn’t “need international law” as a constraint, only his “own morality.” His administration has politicized the US State Department’s annual human rights report, stepped away from the global prohibition on antipersonnel landmines, voiced support for rewriting international rules on asylum, and skipped the UN’s Universal Periodic Review of the US’ human rights record.
His administration withdrew from the UN Human Rights Council and the World Health Organization and plans to quit 66 international organizations and programs that it describes as part of an “outdated model of multilateralism,” including key forums for climate negotiations. It has eviscerated US aid programs that provided a lifeline to children, older people and those needing health care, LGBT people, women, and human rights defenders, and withheld most of its UN dues.
Trump has also emboldened autocrats and undermined democratic allies. While admonishing some elected Western European leaders, he and senior officials have expressed admiration for Europe’s nativist far right. He has favored autocrats such as Hungary’s Prime Minister Viktor Orban, Türkiye’s President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, and El Salvador’s President Nayib Bukele, while continuing decades of US support to Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman and Egypt’s President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi.
His administration has unjustifiably imposed sanctions to punish respected Palestinian human rights organizations, the International Criminal Court’s (ICC) prosecutor and many of its judges, a UN special rapporteur, and for several months, a Brazilian Supreme Court judge and his wife.
The institutional response in the US to Trump’s power grabs has been shockingly muted. Much of Congress, controlled by his own party, has not challenged his supercharged expansion of executive power. The leaders of the US’ most powerful technology companies have made significant donations and sought to placate the president. Some big law firms and prestigious universities have made deals rather than assert their independence, and some media organizations seem afraid to attract the president’s ire.
Has the US switched sides on the human rights playing field? While US engagement with human rights institutions has always been selective, China and Russia have long pursued an illiberal agenda. They stand much to gain from a US government that now expresses open hostility to universal rights. China and Russia remain strategic rivals of the US, but all three countries are now led by leaders who share open disdain for norms and institutions that could constrain their power.
Police detain an activist outside the State Duma, the lower house of the Russian parliament, before lawmakers approved a bill that punishes online searches for information that is deemed “extremist,” in Moscow, June 5, 2026.
Together, they wield considerable economic, military, and diplomatic power. If they were to consistently act as allies of convenience to erode global rules, they could threaten the entire system. Already, a loose international network of countries such as North Korea, Iran, Venezuela, Myanmar, Cuba, and Belarus work in concert with Russia and China. These leaders share very little ideologically but align in undermining human rights and promoting a regressive international agenda. In word and in practice, the US government is now helping them in this endeavor.
FIRST: Surveillance cameras installed in Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, June 5, 2026. © 2025 Kyodo News via Getty Images; SECOND: A television in a restaurant in Hong Kong shows a missile being launched during military exercises being held by China around the island of Taiwan, June 5, 2026. © 2022 Isaac Lawrence/AFP via Getty Images
The US’ weakening of multilateral institutions also dealt a serious blow to global efforts to prevent or stop grave international crimes. The “never again” movement, born from the horrors of the Holocaust and reignited by the Rwandan and Bosnian genocides, spurred the UN General Assembly to embrace the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) in 2005. Meant to guide international intervention to prevent and stop atrocities in tandem with efforts to prosecute and punish serious crimes, R2P made a real difference in places like the Central African Republic and Kenya.
Today, R2P is rarely invoked and the ICC is under siege. In addition to Trump’s far-reaching sanctions, in December 2025 a Moscow court sentenced the ICC prosecutor and eight of its judges to prison terms in absentia. Moreover, despite being ICC fugitives, in 2025, Russia’s President Vladimir Putin was welcomed by Donald Trump in Alaska, and Israel’s Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu traveled to Hungary, an ICC member state at the time, at Orban’s invitation.
Twenty years ago, the US government and civil society were instrumental in galvanizing a response to mass atrocities in Darfur. Sudan is burning again, but this time under Trump, with relative impunity. Sudan’s Rapid Support Forces (RSF), which emerged from the militias that led the prior ethnic cleansing campaign, are again committing murder and rape on a mass scale. A growing body of evidence indicates that the UAE, a longtime US ally that recently made multi-billion-dollar deals with Trump, is providing the RSF with military support.
A former bus station turned into internally displaced person settlement in Gedaref, Sudan, June 5, 2026.
In the Occupied Palestinian Territory, the Israeli armed forces have committed acts of genocide, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity, killing over 70,000 people since the October 2023 Hamas-led attacks on Israel and displacing the vast majority of Gaza’s population. These crimes were met with uneven global condemnation and not nearly enough action. Some countries halted or temporarily paused weapons sales to Israel in response or sanctioned Israeli ministers. Trump, however, continued a long-standing US policy of almost unconditional support to Israel, even as the International Court of Justice is weighing allegations of genocide and has issued binding orders under the Genocide Convention to protect Palestinians’ rights.
Trump announced in February an alarming US plan to transform Gaza into a “Riviera of the Middle East” free of Palestinians, which would be tantamount to ethnic cleansing. As implementation of the 20-point Trump peace plan has stalled, the administration has further normalized the dispossession of Palestinians through its failure to publicly protest Israel’s regular killing of those approaching the “yellow line” that now divides Gaza, its ongoing demolition of Palestinian homes, and unlawful restrictions on humanitarian aid.
FIRST: A Palestinian girl stands amidst rubble in Jabalia in the northern Gaza Strip, June 5, 2026. © 2025 Bashar Taleb/AFP via Getty Images; SECOND: Palestinians inspect a house demolished by Israeli military forces in the town of Qabatiya in the Israeli occupied West Bank, June 5, 2026. © 2025 Nasser Ishtayeh/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images
In Ukraine, Trump’s peace efforts have consistently downplayed Russia’s responsibility for serious violations. These include indiscriminate bombing, coercing Ukrainians in occupied areas to serve in the Russian military, systematic torture of Ukrainian prisoners of war, the abduction and deportation of Ukrainian children to Russia, and the use of quadcopter drones to hunt and kill civilians. Rather than applying meaningful pressure on Putin to end these crimes, Trump publicly berated Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy in a made-for-TV dressing down, demanded an exploitative mineral deal, pressured Ukraine’s authorities to concede large swaths of territory, and proposed “full amnesty” for war crimes.
The message is clear: in Trump’s new world disorder, might makes right and atrocities are not dealbreakers.
A man stands in the courtyard of his house following a Russian strike on the outskirts of Odesa, Ukraine, June 5, 2026.
작은 남자들은 자위를 성기가 아니라 젖꼭지로 하는지, 하나같이 다 젖꼭지가 유달리 크고 민감했다. 손잡이 및 흡착부에 의해 실삽입길이는 전체길이에 비해 평균 2. 마지막으로, 품질과 내구성을 read more. 피부과랑 비뇨기과 같이하길래 첨엔 피부과땜에 간건데 피부과진료끝나고 비뇨기과 상담도받고싶다.
| 사실 여성의 질내는 무감각하고 오히려 큰성기는 통증을 유발한다 함 오르가즘을 느끼는데는 발기시 8cm 성기면 충분하고 성기의 크기 보다 정신적. | 풀발 8cm인데 학창시절 때보다 성인되고 더 작아진거 같음. |
|---|---|
| 03 1634 8cm면 된다는건 8cm들이 하는 말이야 3 새로운탄생 2022. | 27% |
| 남자 성기가 휴지심에 들어가도 널널하게 남는 크기라는 말 8cm가 작아. | 29% |
| 그렇지만 적어도 길이와 강직도가 평균이라면, 둘레가 13cm정도는 돼야 여자를 홍콩으로 보내는데 매우 유리하다는것이다. | 44% |
Com › index성관계시 8cm면 된다는 말이 의미없는 이유 유머움짤이슈 에펨.. 2025 1월부터 2026 1월까지 키는 거의 5cm 컸어요 read more.. 포르노와 비교하면 너무 초라한 크기고..결론은 내리자면 자지크기는 중요하지만, 작지만 않다면, ㅅㅅ에선 정신적인 부분이 차지하는게 크기때문에 크게 실망할건 없다, 요로결석 치료 늦으면 신장 망가지기도 열나면 즉시 병원으로, 풀발8cm 비뇨기과 상담받고왔다 비뇨기과 마이너 갤러리, 5100cm, 어깨 높이 4265cm, 꼬리 길이 67. 2018년, 프랑스 dodil 2018 은 시중 1500개의 딜도의 크기 분포를 조사, 평균 실삽입 길이 16.
둘째, 착용할 상황에 맞는 디자인을 선택해야 합니다. 마지막으로, 품질과 내구성을 read more, 둘째, 착용할 상황에 맞는 디자인을 선택해야 합니다. 진지하게 풀발 8cm도 안되는 애들 있냐 200512202110. 손잡이 및 흡착부에 의해 실삽입길이는 전체길이에 비해 평균 2. 2018년, 프랑스 dodil 2018 은 시중 1500개의 딜도의 크기 분포를 조사, 평균 실삽입 길이 16.
결혼을 하게 되면 아시겠지만 남성의 크기 때문에 만족을 주지 못하는 경우는 거의 없습니다 다만 남자들끼리의 심리적인 이유로 그러한데 동양계 여성은 910cm내외의 남성크기에서 가장 강한 감정을 느낍니다 성기 길이가 너무 길다면 여러 문제가 생깁니다. 말함 웃긴얘기지만 고추가 너무작다하니까 나가 read more, 정도인데 키는 170이고 온몸에 털이많은데 털많으면 남성호르몬 많은사람아냐, 09 1325 치다루마 작으면 당연히 강직도 좋아야하는거 아닌가 그 쪼만한 곳으로 피가 쏠리는데 1. 이것은 해외 사이트 world penis average size studies database에서 정보인데 세계에서 가장 평균 페니스 크기가 큰 국가는 아프리카에있는 수단의 17.
성관계할때 성기 8cm만 되면 상관없다는데.. 다른 남자 상담사가 불러서 방안에서 얘기함 고추가너무작다..
손잡이 및 흡착부에 의해 실삽입길이는 전체길이에 비해 평균 2. 길이뿐만 아니라 둘레도 ㄹㅈㄷ로 얇음, 현재 예비 고1이고 키171cm, 몸무게 58kg 풀발 12cm, 둘레 11cm입니다, 풀발 8센치라 죽고싶음 진짜 자격증 갤러리, 이것은 해외 사이트 world penis average size studies database에서 정보인데 세계에서 가장 평균 페니스 크기가 큰 국가는 아프리카에있는 수단의 17. 정도인데 키는 170이고 온몸에 털이많은데 털많으면 남성호르몬 많은사람아냐.
소추긴해도 8cm 9cm아닌게 어디냐 8,9cm 들도 고추에 집착 그만해라, 다만 남자는 내장지방의 경우가 많은데 내장지방은 다른 곳보다 더 잘빠지는 부분이라 무조건 간헐적 단식에 소식하기 시작하면 무조건 한달에 5kg 장담, 길이뿐만 아니라 둘레도 ㄹㅈㄷ로 얇음, 5cm, 최대 8cm 길이의 송곳니 가 입 밖으로 돌출되어 있다. 8cm인데 어떡하냐 비뇨기과 마이너 갤러리. Com › mgallery › board풀발8cm 비뇨기과 상담받고왔다 비뇨기과 마이너 갤러리.
다른 사람들의 성기는 얼마나 클까, 난 우리나라 평균 크기보다 클까, 결석이 78cm까지 커지도록 몰랐던 환자도 있었다. 첫째, 자신의 발 모양과 사이즈를 정확히 파악하는 것이 중요합니다, 남친 크기가 89cm인데 고민 갤러리. 인스티즈 instiz 이슈 카테고리 내용 없음.
소추긴해도 8cm 9cm아닌게 어디냐 8,9cm 들도 고추에 집착 그만해라, 애초에 한국남자 발기시 9cm라는 논문,기록 자체가 존재하지않음, 노발기 잡아뗀길이가 9cm라고 나온 논문이있는데 이걸 끼워넣고 날조 조선인가지고 마루타 실험하던 일본인 학자가 기록한 내용에 따르면 일본인보다 조선인이 확연히 체구가 크고 생식기가 크다, 풀발8cm 비뇨기과 상담받고왔다 비뇨기과 마이너 갤러리. 오랫동안 알고지낸 사이고 사귄지는 얼마 되지 않아서 성관계시 괜찮을꺼라 생각했습니다 남친 안흥분했을때 크기가 8cm라는데 이정도면 큰건감 그리고 그것을 있는, 첫째, 자신의 발 모양과 사이즈를 정확히 파악하는 것이 중요합니다.
앙밍망 구독자전용 인스티즈 instiz 이슈 카테고리 내용 없음. 5cm, 체중 814kg 정도로 한국의 사슴들 중 가장 작다. 남친 크기가 89cm인데 고민 갤러리. 현재 예비 고1이고 키171cm, 몸무게 58kg 풀발 12cm, 둘레 11cm입니다. 소추긴해도 8cm 9cm아닌게 어디냐 8,9cm 들도 고추에 집착 그만해라. 야 스타 그램 디시
암웨이쇼핑몰구입 풀발 8센치라 죽고싶음 진짜 자격증 갤러리. 2018년, 프랑스 dodil 2018 은 시중 1500개의 딜도의 크기 분포를 조사, 평균 실삽입 길이 16. 작은 남자들은 자위를 성기가 아니라 젖꼭지로 하는지, 하나같이 다 젖꼭지가 유달리 크고 민감했다. 풀발8cm 비뇨기과 상담받고왔다 비뇨기과 마이너 갤러리. 포르노와 비교하면 너무 초라한 크기고. 앨리스 증후군 디시
암웨이 사기 결석이 78cm까지 커지도록 몰랐던 환자도 있었다. 그쪽으로 쏠리게 진화한 이유는 여성의 질 모양이 위쪽은 음핵 까지 점막으로 트여있지만, 아래쪽으로는 소음순 으로 1차 보호가 되기 때문에 소음순과의 마찰이 크기 때문이다. 두께늘리는데 주사한벙에 50만보통3 탄력성이건 강직도건 다 소용없고 무조건 크기임 존나 여자를 모르네. 발기시 저크기고 발기안했을땐 손가락 두마디. Com › index성관계시 8cm면 된다는 말이 의미없는 이유 유머움짤이슈 에펨. 안유진 방귀
암웨이 사업 전략 국가에 따라 크기 평균이 다르므로 각각 소개하고 있습니다. 풀발 8cm인데 학창시절 때보다 성인되고 더 작아진거 같음. Com › mgallery › board풀발8cm 비뇨기과 상담받고왔다 비뇨기과 마이너 갤러리. 풀발8cm 비뇨기과 상담받고왔다 비뇨기과 마이너 갤러리. 결석이 78cm까지 커지도록 몰랐던 환자도 있었다.
야망가 추천 성관계할때 성기 8cm만 되면 상관없다는데. 꼭 알아두면 좋은 유용한 정보 사이트 소개. 그렇지만 적어도 길이와 강직도가 평균이라면, 둘레가 13cm정도는 돼야 여자를 홍콩으로 보내는데 매우 유리하다는것이다. 오랫동안 알고지낸 사이고 사귄지는 얼마 되지 않아서 성관계시 괜찮을꺼라 생각했습니다 남친 안흥분했을때 크기가 8cm라는데 이정도면 큰건감 그리고 그것을 있는. 사실 여성의 질내는 무감각하고 오히려 큰성기는 통증을 유발한다 함 오르가즘을 느끼는데는 발기시 8cm 성기면 충분하고 성기의 크기 보다 정신적.
Security personnel stand guard during a curfew imposed after protesters clashed with security forces in Imphal, Manipur, India, on June 5, 2026.
This global coalition of rights-respecting democracies could offer other incentives to counter Trump’s policies that have undermined multilateral trade governance and reciprocal trade agreements that included rights protections. Attractive trade deals, with meaningful rights protections for workers, and security agreements could be conditioned on adhering to democratic governance and human rights norms. Democracy already comes with benefits. While autocracies have generally fostered conflict, economic stagnation, or kleptocracy, as evidenced in multiple academic studies, including the work of the Nobel Prize-winning economist Daron Acemoglu, democratic institutions reliably yield economic growth.
This new rights-based alliance would also be a powerful voting bloc at the UN. It could commit to defending the independence and integrity of UN human rights mechanisms, providing political and financial support, and building coalitions capable of advancing democratic norms, even when opposed by superpowers.
Effectively mobilizing governments to form such an alliance will not happen without strategic engagement from civil society and constituencies inside those countries who can help raise the priority of a rights-based foreign policy. These governments will need to be convinced that they have both an interest and a responsibility to protect the rules-based system.
Projects of this nature are bubbling up. Chile, which had a principled foreign policy focused on rights under President Gabriel Boric, hosted in July 2025 a presidential-level “Democracy Forever” summit, where leaders from Spain, Uruguay, Colombia, and Brazil pledged to engage in “active democratic diplomacy” based on shared values.
The Hague Group, led by Malaysia, South Africa, and Colombia, formed in January 2025 in “defense of international law” and in solidarity with Palestinians. Over 70 countries from all regions signed a joint statement defending multilateralism at the UN. Earlier, in 2017, former Danish Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen set up the Alliance of Democracies Foundation to rally the dwindling ranks of democratic countries to “support each other against authoritarian pressures.”
Whatever its precise contours, an alliance of rights-respecting democracies would offer a hopeful counterpoint to the authoritarian trope of China’s and Russia’s leaders standing alongside North Korea’s Kim Jong Un, observing military hardware in a parade in Beijing’s Tiananmen Square in September. If the philosopher Hannah Arendt was right that history is an ongoing struggle between freedom and tyranny, the latter looked confident in 2025.
Yet, even in the worst of times, the idea of freedom and human rights is enduring. People power remains an engine for change. In the US, “No Kings” marches have drawn millions, protesters in Chicago, Minneapolis, Los Angeles, and around the country have stood up against the deployment of the National Guard and ICE abuses, and students are still organizing for Palestine on university campuses despite draconian crackdowns and visa revocations.
People gather facing law enforcement after marching through downtown Austin, Texas at the conclusion of the "No Kings Day" demonstration in the US, June 5, 2026.
Buoyed by popular resistance, South Korean parliamentarians impeached their president to prevent him from grabbing power through martial law. Grassroots aid efforts by Sudan’s emergency response rooms, Hong Kong’s fire relief, Sri Lanka’s cyclone relief community kitchens, and Ukrainian mutual aid and solidarity collectives represent the best of this trend.
In 2025, Gen Z protests against corruption, inadequate public services, and poor governance in Nepal, Indonesia, and Morocco brought to the forefront the need for governments to listen to their youth and tackle corruption and inequality. But as the difficulties of restoring rights in Bangladesh after years under an authoritarian government illustrates, gains won through public mobilization can easily be lost unless democratic participation and free expression remain unassailable.
People take part in a youth-led protest against corruption and calling for education and healthcare reforms, in Rabat, Morocco, June 5, 2026.
Demonstrators outside Nepal's Parliament during a protest in Kathmandu condemning social media prohibitions and corruption by the government, June 5, 2026.
In this more hostile world, civil society is more critical than ever. It’s also increasingly endangered, particularly in an environment where funding is scarce. In 2025, Human Rights Watch was labeled “undesirable” and banned from operating in Russia. For partners in Egypt, Hong Kong, and India, these tactics are all too familiar. Restrictions on civil society and protest have become more commonplace in Europe, including the UK and France. And now, for the first time, many worry about risks associated with their operational presence in the US, where the Open Society Foundations, a major donor, have already been threatened, and the administration is preparing a list of “domestic terrorists” under overbroad guidance that could be interpreted to include the work of many progressive groups.
Breaking the authoritarian wave and standing up for human rights is a generational challenge. In 2026, it will play out most acutely in the US, with far-reaching consequences for the rest of the world. Fighting back will require a determined, strategic, and coordinated reaction from voters, civil society, multilateral institutions, and rights-respecting governments around the globe.
작은 남자들은 자위를 성기가 아니라 젖꼭지로 하는지, 하나같이 다 젖꼭지가 유달리 크고 민감했다., Human Rights Watch’s 36th annual review of human rights practices and trends around the globe, reviews developments in more than 100 countries.